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Let’s say that your company is running a standard control and variant AB test on a feature to increase conversion rates on the landing page. The PM checks the results and finds a .04 p-value.

How would you assess the validity of the result?

Experiment Validity

Let’s say we have a table with an <code>id</code> and <code>name</code> fields. The table holds over 100 million rows and we want to sample a random row in the table without throttling the database.

Write a query to randomly sample a row from this table.

Input:

<code>big_table</code> table

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Columns</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>id</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>name</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Write a query to randomly sample a row from a big table.

Random SQL Sample

Suppose there exists a new airline named Jetco that flies domestically across North America. Jetco recently had a study commissioned that tested the boarding time of every airline, and it came out that Jetco had the fastest average boarding times of any airline.

What factors could have biased this result, and what would you look into?

What could potentially bias the average boarding time in favor of an airline that only flies domestically?

What could potentially bias the average boarding time in favor of an airline that only flies domestically?

Boarding Times Bias

A new airline came out as the fastest average boarding times compared to other airlines.  What factors could have biased this result and what would you look into?

Retool Salaries by Position

ABOUT RETOOL Nearly every company in the world runs on custom software: Gartner estimates that up to 50% of all code is written for internal use. This is the operational software for refunding orders, underwriting loans, onboarding employees, analyzing transactions, and providing customer support. But most companies don't have adequate resources to properly invest in these tools, leading to a lot of old and clunky internal software or, even worse, users still stuck in manual and spreadsheet flows. At Retool, we're on a mission to bring good software to everyone. We're building a new type of development platform that combines the benefits of traditional software development with a drag-and-drop UI editor and AI, making it dramatically faster to build internal tools. We believe that the future of software development lies in abstracting away the tedious and repetitive tasks developers waste time on, while creating reusable components that act as a force multiplier for future developers and projects. The result is not just productivity, but good software by default. And that's a mission worth striving for. Today, our customers span from small startups building their first operational tools to Fortune 500 companies building mission-critical apps for thousands of users across their business. Interested in joining us? Let us know! WHY WE'RE LOOKING FOR YOU: We're looking for an Engineering leader to take full ownership of a critical piece of Retool's strategy: our self-serve product experience. Retool's self-serve product allows us to tap into customers beyond the reach of a traditional sales motion-think small business or a three-person startup. Just like larger organizations or enterprises, these companies run on custom internal software, spreadsheets, and manual processes. And Retool provides them so much leverage, enabling the tools they need to solve each unique business problem more effectively. Our self-serve product is also a huge part of our Enterprise story, acting as an on-ramp for customers who want to kick the tires on the product with just a few use cases or users. We've seen some of our largest customers begin their journey trying Retool's cloud product before directly engaging with our Sales team-and it's on this team to impress them from their very first moments building. We've already got a team of excellent engineers in this space, working on things like: <ul> <li>A completely redesigned onboarding experience, that needs to constantly adapt to new features in the core product </li></ul> <ul><li>Various experiments to drive adoption of features or ways of application building, making it easier to grok the core concepts of Retool so customers can quickly get up and running (e.g., quick "do it for you" actions within our application builder and in-product documentation) </li><li>Collaborating with our Product and Business Operations teams to make the right decisions for our customers and business, helping to shape our overall monetization strategy for self-serve </li><li>Partnering with our marketing team on various programs for startups </li><li>Experimenting with bigger ideas to bring the product closer to retool.com, including playgrounds/sandboxes, etc. </li><li>...and so much more! </li></ul>At Retool, we expect a lot from our engineers: breaking down projects, making product decisions, and maintaining a relentless focus on shipping impactful work-and your primary responsibility will be in empowering, coaching, and rewarding your teams to do their best work. Day one on the job will see you managing the existing team and hiring alongside recruiting partners to tackle business needs in tandem. You'll also step into shaping key business and product decisions for Retool, where the line between PM and EM is intentionally blurred. We'll expect you to prioritize requests, talk to customers, keep the energy and tempo up, and partner with ICs making technical decisions. But one thing is squarely your responsibility: people. This isn't your traditional 'growth' engineering team focused on making incremental changes or relying primarily on experiment results to inform decisions. Yes, you will drive our experimentation culture here, but you'll also be expected to leverage your product taste every step of the way to figure out how to show the power of Retool in just a few minutes tinkering with the product. And your ownership extends far beyond just onboarding. This is foundational work, dedicated to the entire new user experience -from when a customer onboards to when they deploy their first application. IN THIS ROLE, YOU WILL: <ul> <li>Manage and coach a fullstack team of engineers; support the team by identifying growth opportunities, providing continuous feedback, and performance management as needed. </li> <li>Define your team ownership and boundaries to most effectively achieve outcomes for the business. You'll work with the broader EM team to make sure your team is always positioned and staffed to do its best work. </li><li>Collaborate with product managers and product designers. We don't do many "handoffs"-we expect you to build a deep partnership with your peers that is collaborative from idea to shipping to following up with customers. </li><li>Meet directly with our customers to better understand their needs, and partner deeply with our data teams. </li></ul> <ul><li>Introduce scalable, repeatable processes that help engineering and product teams deliver a successful product. </li><li>Partner closely with recruiting to strategically scale your team, prioritizing the hiring of a diverse and driven group of engineers. </li></ul>THE SKILLSET YOU'LL BRING: <ul> <li>2+ years of experience successfully leading and managing product engineering teams; teams that ship rapidly and embrace experimentation is a huge plus (think: Growth or New User Experience teams) </li> <li>Strong product sense, and the ability to take input and drive to decisions quickly. </li><li>While you're not expected to write code daily, your strong technical skills enable you to navigate our codebase and engage deeply on design and architecture. </li><li>Ability to manage stakeholders, communicate in a structured manner, and drive maximal accountability. </li><li>Successfully recruit, build, and scale teams: we expect our engineering managers to roll up their sleeves, whether it's jumping in to help with sourcing, crafting a job description like this one (hello from a fellow EM!), or selling candidates, it's on you to build your team. </li><li>Ability to operate as a business-owner, prioritizing business needs first-and-foremost, and making sure your teams deeply understand the business context in which they operate. </li></ul> For candidates based in San Francisco, the pay range(s) for this role is listed below and represents base salary range for non-commissionable roles or on-target earnings (OTE) for commissionable roles. This salary range may be inclusive of several career levels at Retool and will be narrowed during the interview process based on a number of factors such as (but not limited to), scope and responsibilities, the candidate's experience and qualifications, and location. Additional compensation in the form(s) of equity, and/or commission/bonuses are dependent on the position offered. Retool provides a comprehensive benefit plan, including medical, dental, vision, and 401(k). Pay and benefits are subject to change at any time, consistent with the terms of any applicable compensation or benefit plans. San Francisco $188,400-$251,900 USD Retool offers generous benefits to all employees and hybrid work location. For more information, please visit the benefits and perks section of our careers page! Retool is currently set up to employ all roles in the US and specific roles in the UK. To find roles that can be employed in the UK, please refer to our careers page and review the indicated locations.

Nearly every company in the world runs on custom software: Gartner estimates that up to 50% of all code is written for internal use. This is the operational software for refunding orders, underwriting loans, onboarding employees, analyzing transactions, and providing customer support. But most companies don’t have adequate resources to properly invest in these tools, leading to a lot of old and clunky internal software or, even worse, users still stuck in manual and spreadsheet flows.
At Retool, we’re on a mission to bring good software to everyone. We’re building a new type of development platform that combines the benefits of traditional software development with a drag-and-drop UI editor and AI, making it dramatically faster to build internal tools. We believe that the future of software development lies in abstracting away the tedious and repetitive tasks developers waste time on, while creating reusable components that act as a force multiplier for future developers and projects. The result is not just productivity, but good software by default. And that’s a mission worth striving for.
Today, our customers span from small startups building their first operational tools to Fortune 500 companies building mission-critical apps for thousands of users across their business. Interested in joining us? Let us know!
WHY WE’RE LOOKING FOR YOU The Logic team is seeking a highly experienced Engineering Manager to manage a portfolio of dynamic, impactful products and user experiences. Leading our Logic team, you'll own Retool’s logic layer from the building experience to the efficient, fast and reliable execution of customer’s queries and code.
The Logic team’s work spans the stack, and across product lines. The team is responsible for the user experience of writing business logic in Retool’s flagship web application builder, bootstrapping and expanding new product lines related to business logic like Retool Workflows, enabling the reuse of logic across the platform, as well as the distributed infrastructure required to connect to our customer’s data sources in a scalable, secure and performant ways.
At Retool, we like to emphasize the word "leader" — the right leader for Logic is expected to take ownership, get decisions made, keep our energy and tempo up, and continuously improve the environment for our engineers.
IN THIS ROLE, YOU WILL: Communicate and collaborate effectively with Product and Design counterparts
Manage a fullstack team of engineers; support the team by identifying growth opportunities, providing continuous feedback, and performance management as appropriate
Establish and define your team's strategy to ensure execution maximizes business impact
Meet with customers to better understand product sentiment
Introduce scalable, repeatable processes that help engineering and product teams deliver a successful product
Partner with recruiting on building out a diverse team of exceptionally motivated engineers
THE SKILLSET YOU'LL BRING: 2+ years of experience successfully leading and managing teams
A strong ability to champion an engineering team through macro process changes
Deep technical understanding; we don’t expect you to code, but you should be able to navigate our codebase and engage deeply on design and architecture
A history of orienting teams and setting strategy toward engineering goals, with a bias toward impact
Experience successfully recruiting, building, and scaling teams
A propensity to operate as a business-owner — caring deeply about our customers, product, and team
Thoughtfulness around engineering culture, process, and identity
Proficiency in navigating through ambiguity, managing stakeholders, communicating in a structured manner, as well as driving maximal accountability and excellence
A collaborative skillset to partner effectively with product, design, and go-to-market teams
For candidates based in San Francisco, the pay range(s) for this role is listed below and represents base salary range for non-commissionable roles or on-target earnings (OTE) for commissionable roles. This salary range may be inclusive of several career levels at Retool and will be narrowed during the interview process based on a number of factors such as (but not limited to), scope and responsibilities, the candidate’s experience and qualifications, and location.
Additional compensation in the form(s) of equity, and/or commission/bonuses are dependent on the position offered. Retool provides a comprehensive benefit plan, including medical, dental, vision, and 401(k). Pay and benefits are subject to change at any time, consistent with the terms of any applicable compensation or benefit plans.
$188,400 — $251,900 USD
Retool offers generous benefits to all employees and hybrid work location. For more information, please visit the benefits and perks section of our careers page!
Retool is currently set up to employ all roles in the US and specific roles in the UK. To find roles that can be employed in the UK, please refer to our careers page and review the indicated locations.

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ABOUT RETOOL Nearly every company in the world runs on custom software: Gartner estimates that up to 50% of all code is written for internal use. This is the operational software for refunding orders, underwriting loans, onboarding employees, analyzing transactions, and providing customer support. But most companies don't have adequate resources to properly invest in these tools, leading to a lot of old and clunky internal software or, even worse, users still stuck in manual and spreadsheet flows. At Retool, we're on a mission to bring good software to everyone. We're building a new type of development platform that combines the benefits of traditional software development with a drag-and-drop UI editor and AI, making it dramatically faster to build internal tools. We believe that the future of software development lies in abstracting away the tedious and repetitive tasks developers waste time on, while creating reusable components that act as a force multiplier for future developers and projects. The result is not just productivity, but good software by default. And that's a mission worth striving for. Today, our customers span from small startups building their first operational tools to Fortune 500 companies building mission-critical apps for thousands of users across their business. Interested in joining us? Let us know! WHY WE'RE LOOKING FOR YOU Retool is changing the way software is built: we've developed the fastest way to build internal tools, saving companies time, resources, and engineering bandwidth. Since starting on our mission years ago as a frontend/view builder, we've since added products that help developers manage their controller and model layers - Workflows and RetoolDB, respectively. Retool's multi-product surface area allows our builders to build full-stack apps all inside of Retool, or use the different products on a standalone basis to solve more bespoke requirements. We're expanding our team and product surface area extremely quickly, and we're looking for a leader to inherit and build out our new product lines, along with the platforms that power them. WHAT YOU'LL DO We're a tool built by engineers for engineers. You will work on features that impact thousands of customers globally and have the ability to change how applications are built across all parts of the stack. You'll meet with internal counterparts to enhance customer thinking and partner closely with product on building out features. You'll have a large impact on new features or improve performance on thousands of customers' applications. Retool is built primarily in JavaScript and TypeScript, Node.js on the backend, and React on the frontend. We'll look to you to bring your experience to build within this environment and impact our codebase. You'll also engage in technical decision-making with the team, participate in planning, and help our engineering team expand its skillset. To that end, you'll also play a key role in helping us grow the team through interviewing potential new team members. When we're in the office, we enjoy eating lunch (and occasionally dinner!) together, and we've been known for our lively game nights. But at the root of it all, we come together to show our customers and not-quite-yet customers how Retool can make them and their companies more efficient and successful. If this sounds like a fit, we'd love to hear from you! We are looking for a founding engineer to kickstart our new Resource Auth team. This team will center around how Retool can securely and reliably access customer data from any resource or integration they want to use within Retool. Why are we starting a new team? This is a crucial piece of the business - every customer is a customer of this team - since every customer needs to connect at least one data source (and thus authenticate to it) to get value from Retool. To support potential and existing customers we need more dedicated investment in making sure auth methods are available, extensible, reliable and of course secure. Why a new team now? We have crucial asks that are pushing the urgency. However, we are solving this for the long term. This means that while the goal is to support customer needs, we are not doing so as one-off. We plan to re-architect the system and have a stated goal to make it safe and easy to add new auth types under this new system. Why should I join? Want to experience founding a new team, enjoy architecting systems to last, and want to make a big impact at Retool. IN THIS ROLE YOU'LL: <ul><li>Architect an new authentication service to be flexible in supporting many different variants of authentication as well as reliable and of course secure</li><li>Bring observability to authentication and make it easy for engineers to reason about</li><li>Tradeoff between customer requirements and engineering constraints</li></ul> THE SKILLSET YOU'LL BRING: <ul><li>4+ years experience in professional software development, ideally some of which you've spent in startups</li><li>Experience owning technically challenging and demanding cross-functional projects</li><li>Experience across the entire stack, from backend to frontend (and if you have a preference, we'd love to hear it!)</li><li>Experience with JavaScript and TypeScript, as well with cloud based infrastructure like Azure, AWS or GCP</li><li>Ability to make technical decisions quickly, while looping in key stakeholders, too</li><li>A customer-first mindset and an interest in talking with customers to make sure what we're building meets their needs</li><li>Habit of introspection and understanding what's helped you be successful in the past</li></ul> For candidates based in San Francisco, the pay range(s) for this role is listed below and represents base salary range for non-commissionable roles or on-target earnings (OTE) for commissionable roles. This salary range may be inclusive of several career levels at Retool and will be narrowed during the interview process based on a number of factors such as (but not limited to), scope and responsibilities, the candidate's experience and qualifications, and location. Additional compensation in the form(s) of equity, and/or commission/bonuses are dependent on the position offered. Retool provides a comprehensive benefit plan, including medical, dental, vision, and 401(k). Pay and benefits are subject to change at any time, consistent with the terms of any applicable compensation or benefit plans. San Francisco $136,000-$216,800 USD Retool offers generous benefits to all employees and hybrid work location. For more information, please visit the benefits and perks section of our careers page! Retool is currently set up to employ all roles in the US and specific roles in the UK. To find roles that can be employed in the UK, please refer to our careers page and review the indicated locations.

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