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Let’s say that your company is running a standard control and variant AB test on a feature to increase conversion rates on the landing page. The PM checks the results and finds a .04 p-value.

How would you assess the validity of the result?

Experiment Validity

Let’s say you work for a social media company that has just done a launch in a new city. Looking at weekly metrics, you see a slow decrease in the average number of comments per user from January to March in this city.

The company has been consistently growing new users in the city from January to March.

What are some reasons why the average number of comments per user would be decreasing and what metrics would you look into?

What metric could be used to measure if active users are still engaging on the platform despite an overall decrease in the average number of comments per user?

What metric could be used to measure if active users are still engaging on the platform despite an overall decrease in the average number of comments per user?

Decreasing Comments

How would you investigate a decline in the average number of comments per user?

In an A/B test, how can you check if assignment to the various buckets was truly random?

In an A/B test, which of the following is a common method to determine if the assignment to the test groups was truly random?

In an A/B test, which of the following is a common method to determine if the assignment to the test groups was truly random?

Random Bucketing

Vaco Salaries by Position

Construction Risk Analyst Vaco is Conducting a Confidential Search for a Risk Management Professional Contract Length: 3 months (with potential for extension or conversion)Pay Rate: $29/hour (W2) Vaco has been engaged by a leading organization to identify an experienced professional for a Risk Management Specialist role. This full-time, office-based opportunity involves overseeing and placing insurance programs across diverse construction-related activities, including land development, vertical construction, and multi-family housing. Our client details will be shared with shortlisted candidates. This opportunity offers the chance to work within a dynamic industry, playing a key role in ensuring effective insurance placement, risk transfer, and compliance. Candidates should possess strong organizational skills, attention to detail, and the ability to manage multiple tasks independently. Key Responsibilities<ul><li>Design and implement insurance programs tailored to various construction projects, including single-family, multi-family, and commercial construction activities.</li><li>Evaluate and place project-specific insurance policies, including builder's risk, general liability, and environmental policies.</li><li>Develop and maintain master insurance programs for multi-family and commercial construction projects.</li><li>Conduct detailed reviews of contracts and operating agreements to ensure compliance with insurance requirements and evaluate alternative options.</li><li>Coordinate underwriting data from internal business teams to facilitate timely and accurate policy placements.</li><li>Track and manage insurance program renewals and assist with claim handling, including analyzing insurer loss runs.</li><li>Oversee subcontractor insurance compliance and associated risk transfer processes.</li><li>Support the allocation of insurance costs to relevant business units and maintain compliance tracking systems.</li><li>Provide assistance in closing deals by assessing insurance needs and ensuring proper follow-up.</li></ul> Desired Skills and Qualifications<ul><li>Minimum of 5 years of experience in risk management, with a focus on the homebuilding or construction industry.</li><li>Strong knowledge of construction-related insurance programs, including builder's risk, general liability, environmental, and property coverage.</li><li>Familiarity with insurance compliance tracking systems and contract review processes.</li><li>Bachelor's degree preferred; however, equivalent experience will be considered.</li><li>Proficiency in Microsoft Word and Excel; technical tools beyond standard office software are not required.</li><li>Ability to work full-time on-site and be available during emergencies, including weekends if necessary.</li><li>Construction industry experience is highly desirable.</li></ul> Additional DetailsThis position is structured as a 3-month contract, with the potential for extension or conversion to a permanent role based on performance and organizational needs. Interview ProcessThe hiring process involves two rounds of interviews, with the second round conducted in person. Application DeadlineSubmissions for this role are due by Monday, January 6, 2025. If you are a motivated professional with a passion for risk management and a background in construction or insurance, we encourage you to apply. Exact client details will be shared with candidates advancing to the final stages of the hiring process.

Role: Business Analyst (Finance) Location: Remote Duration: 03 to 04 Month Analyst will oversee the financial operations of the S/4 Migration Program, work cross functionally with value-stream teams (located NA and internationally), and finance group on managing budget/forecast versus actual performance, track external contracts, purchase orders, and invoice payment, staffing confirmation (internal and external) and tracking. Required: Financial forecasting and budget management and tracking experience. Financial aptitude/ financial accounting Budget comparisons/reconciliations Experienced in Excel (model, macro and formula), PowerPoint presentation prep. Comfortable connection cross functionally at varies levels. Adhere to all policy, procedures and deliverables required. 2-5 years of experience in the above skills. Vaco values a diverse workplace and strongly encourages women, people of color, LGBTQ individuals, people with disabilities, members of ethnic minorities, foreign-born residents, and veterans to apply. EEO Notice Vaco is an Equal Opportunity Employer and does not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race (including but not limited to traits historically associated with race such as hair texture and hair style), color, sex (includes pregnancy or related conditions), religion or creed, national origin, citizenship, age, disability, status as a veteran, union membership, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, marital status, political affiliation, or any other protected characteristics as required by federal, state or local law. Vaco LLC and its parents, affiliates, and subsidiaries are committed to the full inclusion of all qualified individuals. As part of this commitment, Vaco LLC and its parents, affiliates, and subsidiaries will ensure that persons with disabilities are provided reasonable accommodations. If reasonable accommodation is needed to participate in the job application or interview process, to perform essential job functions, and/or to receive other benefits and privileges of employment, please contact HRvaco.com . Vaco also wants all applicants to know their rights that workplace discrimination is illegal . By submitting to this position, you agree that you will be giving Vaco the exclusive right to present your as a candidate for the foregoing employment opportunity. You further agree that you have represented information about yourself accurately and have not affirmatively misrepresented your qualifications. You also agree to maintain as confidential, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any information you learn from Vaco about the position and you will limit disclosure of information about the position only to the extent necessary to perform any obligations in furtherance of your application. In exchange, Vaco agrees to exercise reasonable efforts to represent you through all solicitation, job screening and resume dispersal. Privacy Notice Vaco LLC and its parents, affiliates, and subsidiaries ("we," "our," or "Vaco") respects your privacy and are committed to providing transparent notice of our policies. California residents may access Vaco's HR Notice at Collection for California Applicants and Employees here . Virginia residents may access our state specific policies here . Residents of all other states may access our policies here . Canadian residents may access our policies in English here and in French here . Residents of countries governed by GDPR may access our policies here . Pay Transparency Notice Determining compensation for this role (and others) at Vaco depends upon a wide array of factors including but not limited to: the individual's skill sets, experience and training; licensure and certification requirements; office location and other geographic considerations; other business and organizational needs. With that said, as required by local law, Vaco believes that the following salary range referenced above reasonably estimates the base compensation for an individual hired into this position in geographies that require salary range disclosure. The individual may also be eligible for discretionary bonuses.

Location: onsite, M-F in Largo, FL Duration: 6 month contract-to-hire Pay: $45-50/hr and will convert to similar salary Industry: Advertising Position Overview: Work closely with various departments within the company to gather, analyze, and document requirements for trouble tickets and projects. Will act as a lead of 3 Jr/Entry Level BAs RESPONSIBILITIES: <ul><li>Requirements Gathering </li><li>Stakeholder collaboration </li><li>Conduct interviews, workshops, and surveys to elicit detailed requirements. </li><li>Develop clear, concise, and comprehensive BRDs and functional specifications </li><li>Create user stories, use cases, process flow diagrams </li><li>Identify gaps, conflicts, and inconsistencies in requirements and work with stakeholders to resolve them. </li><li>Serve as a liaison between business stakeholders and technical teams to ensure clear communication and understanding of requirements </li><li>Facilitate meetings and workshops to drive consensus and resolve issues. </li><li>Review test results and work with the development team to address any issues. </li></ul> REQUIREMENTS: <ul><li>Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration, Information Technology, Engineering, or a related field. </li><li>Proven experience as a Business Analyst or in a similar role. </li><li>Proficiency in requirement gathering and documentation techniques. </li><li>Familiarity with project management methodologies and tools. </li></ul> Preferred Qualifications: <ul><li>Experience with Agile and Scrum methodologies. </li> </ul>

We are looking for an experienced Developer with a strong background in building, supporting, and integrating globally accessible trading systems. The successful candidate will work closely with quantitative researchers and portfolio managers to gather requirements, optimize processes, and develop essential toolkits. This role involves the complete software development lifecycle, from requirements gathering and architecture design to implementation, testing, and deployment. Strong communication skills, multitasking abilities, and the ability to thrive in a dynamic, fast-paced trading environment are essential.

Key Responsibilities:

Design, develop, and maintain analytics and trading infrastructure for Credit and Converts, leveraging both vendor-provided and in-house platforms.
Collaborate with business users and platform developers to deliver innovative, high-performance software solutions.
Create a comprehensive process for scheduling and monitoring platform resources, ensuring seamless integration with existing proprietary applications.
Deliver solutions that strike a balance between feasibility, stability, scalability, and speed to market.
Support and maintain system infrastructure to ensure robustness and reliability.
Work with internal teams to define and implement best practices for technology integration, API development, and release management.
Operate independently with minimal supervision and demonstrate sound judgment.
Contribute to a collaborative environment by improving shared tools and fostering teamwork.
Qualifications & Requirements:    Bachelor's degree in Computer Science or a related field.
3 years of professional software development experience; experience in the financial sector is a plus.
Knowledge of financial instruments, particularly Credit, is highly desirable.
Experience with real-time market data and historical time-series data is an advantage.
Familiarity with server-side technologies such as Kafka, Kubernetes, or Redis is a plus.
Strong proficiency in Python is preferred.
Solid understanding of relational databases and experience writing production-grade SQL queries (e.g., PostgreSQL).
Experience with DevOps practices, including CI/CD pipelines and infrastructure-as-code, is a plus.
Excellent analytical and problem-solving skills.
High level of accuracy and attention to detail.
Strong documentation skills, with the ability to clearly articulate ideas, requirements, and solutions.
Vaco values a diverse workplace and strongly encourages women, people of color, LGBTQ+ individuals, people with disabilities, members of ethnic minorities, foreign-born residents, and veterans to apply.

EEO Notice

Vaco is an Equal Opportunity Employer and does not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race (including but not limited to traits historically associated with race such as hair texture and hair style), color, sex (includes pregnancy or related conditions), religion or creed, national origin, citizenship, age, disability, status as a veteran, union membership, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, marital status, political affiliation, or any other protected characteristics as required by federal, state or local law.

Vaco LLC and its parents, affiliates, and subsidiaries are committed to the full inclusion of all qualified individuals. As part of this commitment, Vaco LLC and its parents, affiliates, and subsidiaries will ensure that persons with disabilities are provided reasonable accommodations. If reasonable accommodation is needed to participate in the job application or interview process, to perform essential job functions, and/or to receive other benefits and privileges of employment, please contact HR@vaco.com .

Vaco also wants all applicants to know their rights that workplace discrimination is illegal .

By submitting to this position, you agree that you will be giving Vaco the exclusive right to present your as a candidate for the foregoing employment opportunity. You further agree that you have represented information about yourself accurately and have not affirmatively misrepresented your qualifications. You also agree to maintain as confidential, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any information you learn from Vaco about the position and you will limit disclosure of information about the position only to the extent necessary to perform any obligations in furtherance of your application. In exchange, Vaco agrees to exercise reasonable efforts to represent you through all solicitation, job screening and resume dispersal.

Privacy Notice

Vaco LLC and its parents, affiliates, and subsidiaries ("we," "our," or "Vaco") respects your privacy and are committed to providing transparent notice of our policies.    California residents may access Vaco's HR Notice at Collection for California Applicants and Employees here .
Virginia residents may access our state specific policies here .
Residents of all other states may access our policies here .
Canadian residents may access our policies in English here and in French here .
Residents of countries governed by GDPR may access our policies here .
Pay Transparency Notice

Determining compensation for this role (and others) at Vaco depends upon a wide array of factors including but not limited to:   the individual's skill sets, experience and training;
licensure and certification requirements;
office location and other geographic considerations;
other business and organizational needs.

With that said, as required by local law, Vaco believes that the following salary range referenced above reasonably estimates the base compensation for an individual hired into this position in geographies that require salary range disclosure. The individual may also be eligible for discretionary bonuses.

Title: Full Stack Software EngineerWhy is this position open? GrowthPay/Salary/Benefits/Perks: up to $150k, Comprehensive Benefits Pkg including Medical, Dental, Life, Disability, Vision, Health Savings Account, Flexible Spending AccountsWork from Home Policy: Hybrid- 2 days onsite Interview Process- 1) 30 min virtual call with hiring mgr. - mix of culture/tech 2) Team based technical interview 3) Onsite with leadershipWork Environment/culture - currently small dev teamSkills Required: experience developing in Angular, C#, ASP.NET, SQL, NoSQL, AzureBest Personality Match for this Role: Self-starter, curious, team focusedScreening / Background checks Required: Background CheckOverviewFull Stack Software Engineer to assist with the design, development, testing, implementation, and support of software solutions. This individual will work with the team to maintain our existing technology infrastructure and build new software solutions. The Role: <ul><li>Create responsive, dynamic, and user-friendly interfaces using modern front-end frameworks and libraries</li><li>Write server-side application logic using object-oriented programming techniques</li><li>Work within SQL and NoSQL database environments to create new data structures, query and store data, and optimize database performance</li></ul> The Engineer: <ul><li>3+ years of demonstrated proficiency developing web applications in Angular, C#, ASP.NET, and Entity Framework</li></ul><ul><li>Current experience with JavaScript visualization tools such as D3 or Plotly</li><li>Comfortable working across the stack, from back end to front end, with expert ability in at least one layer and proficiency in all layers</li><li>BS degree in Software Engineering, Computer Science, similar technical field of study, or equivalent experience</li></ul>

Responsibilities: <ul> <li>Develop and execute comprehensive bid strategies, ensuring timely submissions and full compliance with contractual requirements </li><li>Conduct thorough review of contract terms and conditions </li><li>Perform detailed item selection and matching processes aligned with bid specifications </li><li>Leverage competitive market intelligence to develop strategic pricing models within established guidelines </li><li>Collaborate extensively with sales teams and leadership to refine proposal strategies </li><li>Prepare and finalize bid proposal documentation with precision and professionalism </li><li>Conduct in-depth analysis of bid evaluations and market intelligence to optimize win rates and profitability </li><li>Generate actionable insights from pricing and profitability data to support critical business decisions </li><li>Manage bid renewal processes to maintain optimal contractual profitability </li><li>Support special projects and ad-hoc initiatives as needed </li></ul> Qualifications: <ul> <li>2+ years of experience in pricing, bidding, analytics, or deal management environments </li><li>Advanced Excel skills, including proficiency in vlookups, pivot tables, and complex formula development </li><li>Exceptional analytical and critical thinking capabilities </li><li>Knowledge of cost structures, pricing methodologies, and an understanding of financial calculations, such as rates, ratios, and percentages </li><li>Proven ability to excel in fast-paced, deadline-driven environments while maintaining high accuracy </li><li>Strong aptitude for innovation and continuous process improvement </li><li>Demonstrated skill in cross-functional collaboration </li><li>Outstanding verbal and written communication skills </li> </ul>

Job Title - Infrastructure Engineering Manager Terms - Direct Hire with a salary of $120 to $150K plus bonusWork Environment - HybridRequired - Prior Consultant background or Manage Service Provider Exp.Location - Mequon or Milwaukee, WI No C2C, No Sponsorship, or candidates that would have to relocate Summary:The Infrastructure Engineering Manager will be responsible for overseeing a team of engineers and project managers that execute IT infrastructure projects. This role will work with the our leadership team to assist with guiding the strategy and vision for the continued growth of the infrastructure practice. The Infrastructure Engineering Manager will oversee teams made up of Infrastructure Engineers and Project Managers that are responsible for the completion of IT infrastructure and security projects for clients' environments. This role will be responsible for the ongoing development of the infrastructure delivery capabilities while serving as an escalation point for technical and project management issues to ensure the highest level of customer service throughout the infrastructure team.Essential Duties and Responsibilities:<ul><li>Assist with structuring, developing and executing project plans to align with client's initiatives.</li><li>Assist with implementing the necessary processes and technology to achieve the infrastructure practice business goals.</li><li>Lead research and development projects to investigate new areas of technology that can be used to improve the setup and security of client's environments as well as improve the efficiency of project execution.</li><li>Provide direction and lead the infrastructure engineering team to ensure proper resource planning, scheduling, and staff development.</li><li>Assist the infrastructure team with maintaining customer relationships and improving response and delivery times to exceed customer expectations.</li><li>Set clear priorities, objectives, and expectations for the infrastructure engineers and project managers to ensure high-quality customer service and timely completion of client projects.</li><li>Manage the workflow and task prioritization for infrastructure practice team members.</li><li>Provide guidance on escalated technical issues; step in and assist with troubleshooting technical escalations when needed.</li><li>Create and present regular reports to the company leadership team on the progress of infrastructure projects and areas for improving the infrastructure practice.</li><li>Ensure processes and procedures are in place to ensure daily priorities are met and that project plans, documentation, status reports, etc., are updated regularly.</li><li>Conduct periodic performance planning reviews with team members and identify areas for improvement.</li></ul>Qualifications / Knowledge and Skills:<ul><li>Prior experience leading an IT infrastructure group that consists of multiple infrastructure engineers and project managers within the organization's structure.</li><li>Prior experience defining infrastructure project approaches to achieve project objectives and then structuring and developing detailed project plans to achieve the desired project outcomes.</li><li>Prior experience doing hands-on technical work and managing technical teams, including a working knowledge of IT infrastructure and security technologies.</li><li>Prior experience establishing new processes and systems to support improved customer service and an improved customer experience.</li><li>Organizational skills for keeping track of various budgets, employees, and schedules simultaneously.</li><li>Experience coaching/mentoring and developing team members in a fast-paced environment.</li><li>Positive attitude and strong work ethic; willing to be hands-on as required to lead the team.</li><li>Ability to develop and deliver clear and concise written and verbal communications to facilitate excellent customer service.</li><li>Strong written and verbal communications are required.</li><li>Strong leadership ability with a proven track record to develop team spirit.</li><li>Analytical skills for evaluating information carefully and solving complex problems.</li><li>Ability to travel up to 20% as needed for client meetings and on-site project work.</li><li>Four year college degree is preferred.</li></ul>Desired Skills and Experienceleadership, infrastructure, security, project management, systems, networking

Data Analyst at Vaco Technology Mountain View, CA
Mandatory Skills/Qualifications Education: Degree in journalism, statistics or other social sciences.
Recent college graduates are acceptable provided it is combined with suitable work experience with data and/or journalism.
Basic experience in Excel and other data packages. R would be a nice to have.
Basic understanding of how spreadsheets work and advanced data techniques.
Familiarity with or experience of basic data tools such as: spreadsheets (Google and Excel), R, Google tools (e.g., Fusion Tables), basic visualization tools (Datawrapper, Google Charts), and news awareness.
Flexibility and willingness to work some unsocial hours.
Responsibilities Pulling data under direction of the Data Editor.
Working reactively to media requests and in partnership with newsrooms and internal client partners.
Generating data for the daily newsletter.
Generating ideas for special journalistic and data visualization projects.
We are a global team assisting journalists and internal teams to have a pulse on the world's reaction to news events through the lens of our company's datasets. Working in conjunction with the Communications, Marketing, and Media Partnership teams, you will collaborate with media partners from around the world to create insightful, high-impact trends analyses that position search data as a key signal for what matters now.
Company information: Vaco delivers critical talent solutions to our clients by providing consulting, project resources, executive search, direct hire, and strategic staffing solutions with expertise in accounting and finance, IT and digital, risk and compliance, and operations and administration. Since its founding in 2002, Vaco has grown to serve more than 12,000 clients across the globe with 10,000 employees. For more information, visit vaco.com.
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Responsibilities:<ul><li>Develop and execute comprehensive bid strategies, ensuring timely submissions and full compliance with contractual requirements</li><li>Conduct thorough review of contract terms and conditions</li><li>Perform detailed item selection and matching processes aligned with bid specifications</li><li>Leverage competitive market intelligence to develop strategic pricing models within established guidelines</li><li>Collaborate extensively with sales teams and leadership to refine proposal strategies</li><li>Prepare and finalize bid proposal documentation with precision and professionalism</li><li>Conduct in-depth analysis of bid evaluations and market intelligence to optimize win rates and profitability</li><li>Generate actionable insights from pricing and profitability data to support critical business decisions</li><li>Manage bid renewal processes to maintain optimal contractual profitability</li><li>Support special projects and ad-hoc initiatives as needed</li></ul>Qualifications:<ul><li>2+ years of experience in pricing, bidding, analytics, or deal management environments</li><li>Advanced Excel skills, including proficiency in vlookups, pivot tables, and complex formula development</li><li>Exceptional analytical and critical thinking capabilities</li><li>Knowledge of cost structures, pricing methodologies, and an understanding of financial calculations, such as rates, ratios, and percentages</li><li>Proven ability to excel in fast-paced, deadline-driven environments while maintaining high accuracy</li><li>Strong aptitude for innovation and continuous process improvement</li><li>Demonstrated skill in cross-functional collaboration</li><li>Outstanding verbal and written communication skills</li></ul>

Data / Software Engineer | 421207 DETAILS Location: 100% Remote Position Type: Direct-Hire Hourly / Salary: BOE! JOB SUMMARY Vaco Technology is currently seeking a Data / Software Engineer for a Direct-Hire opportunity that is 100% remote-based. The Data / Software Engineer will participate in all phases of managing the application lifecycle, including requirement analysis, development, testing, and implementation, as well as actively participating in technical logic and design discussions. The Data / Software Engineer will lead the review process for software architecture documentation and contribute to the review and analysis of business requirement documentation. <ul><li>Data Engineering (50%) / Software Development (25%) / Visualization and Analytics (25%)</li><li>Integrate Internal / External Product Design into Cohesive User Experience</li><li>Work with UX / UI to Improve / Refine Product Visual Design / Consistency</li><li>Create / Maintain / Present Technical Documentation - Technical / Non-Technical Audiences</li><li>Perform Resource / Technical / Risk Assessments</li><li>Interface with Development / Architecture / Product Development Teams - Ensuring Product Delivery</li><li>Interface with 3rd Party Vendors - Technical Design / Specifications / Development / Testing / Deployment</li><li>Prepare Required Documentation - Project Plans / Software Programs / User Documentation, etc. </li></ul> About the Project: The Data / Software Engineer will focus on performance data, monetary collection, and creating data analytics spaces, scorecards, and future states. Currently, there is a need for the development of an application that can manage data beyond PowerBI. The long-term goal is to enhance data management, analytics, and mining capabilities. JOB REQUIREMENTS<ul><li>Data Engineer (50%) - SQL / ETL Processes / SSIS / DataStage / Database Design/Engineering / DataBricks / DataFactory / Data Modeling (Star / Snowflake Schema | Logical / Physical Modeling)</li><li>Software Engineer (25%) - C# / ASP.NET MVC / ASP.NET Core / MSDN Patterns / JavaScript / jQuery / HTML5 / CSS / AJAX / REST / JSON / XML / SOAP</li><li>Data Visualization / Analytics (25%) - PowerBI / Creating Dashboard / Reports, etc.</li><li>Programming Languages - Python (STRONGLY preferred) / Scala</li><li>Database Platforms - SQL Server / Azure SQL / Netezza / DB2, etc.</li><li>Version Control / Release Management, etc. - TFS (Team Foundation Server) / Azure DevOps</li><li>ML (Machine Learning) / Analytics (knowledge)</li><li>Agile Development Methodology </li></ul>

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