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Given a list of (name, item) pairs, <code>pair_list</code>, write a function <code>common_items</code> to create a list of (<code>name1</code>, <code>name2</code>, <code>item_frequency</code>) triples where <code>item_frequency</code> is the number of common items shared between the two names.

Make sure all possible name pairs are included, there are no duplicate name pairs, there are no pairs of the same name, and the order of the names is alphabetical.

Example:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>pair_list = [(&#39;Susan&#39;, &#39;spoon&#39;), 
 (&#39;Susan&#39;, &#39;fork&#39;), 
 (&#39;Mark&#39;, &#39;fork&#39;), 
 (&#39;Mark&#39;, &#39;spoon&#39;), 
 (&#39;Mark&#39;, &#39;plate&#39;), 
 (&#39;Lily&#39;, &#39;plate&#39;)]
</code></pre>

Output:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>def common_items(pair_list) -&gt; [
 (&#39;Lily&#39;,&#39; Mark&#39;, 1),
 (&#39;Lily&#39;, &#39;Susan&#39;, 0),
 (&#39;Mark&#39;, &#39;Susan&#39;, 2),
]
</code></pre>

Write a function to calculate the number of common items.

Common Item Frequency

Given a list of tuples featuring names and grades on a test, write a function <code>normalize_grades</code> to normalize the values of the grades to a linear scale between <code>0</code> and <code>1</code>.

Example:

Input:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>grades = [
 (&#39;Jason&#39;, 94),
 (&#39;Tessa&#39;, 80),
 (&#39;Carla&#39;, 38),
 (&#39;Matt&#39;, 43),
 (&#39;Jessica&#39;, 100)
]
</code></pre>

Output:

<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code>def normalize_grades(grades) - &gt; [
 (&#39;Jason&#39;, 0.9),
 (&#39;Tessa&#39;, 0.68),
 (&#39;Carla&#39;, 0.0),
 (&#39;Matt&#39;, 0.08),
 (&#39;Jessica&#39;, 1.0)
]
</code></pre>

Given a list of tuples featuring names and grades on a test, write a function to normalize the values of the grades to a linear scale between 0 and 1.

Normalize Grades

You are a chef preparing for an important event. You downloaded three recipes to make and imported each as a separate table: <code>recipe1</code>, <code>recipe2</code>, <code>recipe3</code> into your database. Each recipe requires some grocery items in various quantities.

Write a query that sums up the total mass of each grocery item required across all recipes.

Input:

<code>recipe1</code> table:

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Column</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>grocery</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>mass</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<code>recipe2</code> table:

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Column</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>grocery</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>mass</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<code>recipe3</code> table:

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Column</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>grocery</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>mass</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Output:

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Column</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>

<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>grocery</code></td>
<td>VARCHAR</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><code>total_mass</code></td>
<td>INTEGER</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Write a query to generate a shopping list that sums up the total mass of each grocery item required across three recipes.

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